mot emissions fail Reciprocating
Classification
There are several possible ways to classify internal combustion engines.
Reciprocating:
By number of strokes
Two-stroke engine
Clerk Cycle 1879 6
Day Cycle
Four-stroke engine (Otto cycle)
Six-stroke engine
By type of ignition
Compression-ignition engine
Spark-ignition engine (commonly found as gasoline engines)
By mechanical/thermodynamical cycle (these 2 cycles do not encompass all reciprocating engines, and are infrequently used):
Atkinson cycle
Miller cycle
Rotary:
Wankel engine
Continuous combustion:
Gas turbine
Jet engine
Rocket engine
Ramjet
The following jet engine types are also gas turbines types:
Turbojet
Turbofan
Turboprop
Źródło: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine
Wikipedia fact - cars and Environmental impact
While there are different types of fuel that may power cars, most rely on gasoline or diesel. The United States Environmental Protection Agency states that the average vehicle emits 8,887 grams of carbon dioxide per gallon of gasoline. The average vehicle running on diesel fuel will emit 10,180 grams of carbon dioxide.49 Many governments are using fiscal policies (such as road tax or the US gas guzzler tax) to influence vehicle purchase decisions, with a low CO2 figure often resulting in reduced taxation.50 Fuel taxes may act as an incentive for the production of more efficient, hence less polluting, car designs (e.g. hybrid vehicles) and the development of alternative fuels. High fuel taxes may provide a strong incentive for consumers to purchase lighter, smaller, more fuel-efficient cars, or to not drive. On average, today's cars are about 75 percent recyclable, and using recycled steel helps reduce energy use and pollution.51 In the United States Congress, federally mandated fuel efficiency standards have been debated regularly, passenger car standards have not risen above the 27.5 miles per US gallon (8.6 L/100 km; 33.0 mpg-imp) standard set in 1985. Light truck standards have changed more frequently, and were set at 22.2 miles per US gallon (10.6 L/100 km; 26.7 mpg-imp) in 2007.52
Źródło: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car#Environmental_impact
4-stroke engines
4-stroke engines
Main article: 4-stroke engine
Diagram showing the operation of a 4-stroke SI engine. Labels:
1 ? Induction
2 ? Compression
3 ? Power
4 ? Exhaust
The top dead center (TDC) of a piston is the position where it is nearest to the valves; bottom dead center (BDC) is the opposite position where it is furthest from them. A stroke is the movement of a piston from TDC to BDC or vice versa together with the associated process. While an engine is in operation the crankshaft rotates continuously at a nearly constant speed. In a 4-stroke ICE each piston experiences 2 strokes per crankshaft revolution in the following order. Starting the description at TDC, these are:78
Źródło: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine